Political,+Religious+and+Social+Views

 [|Political history] (Overview Timeline) 1837 - William IV dies; succeeded by his niece, Victoria. 1840 - Queen Victoria marries her cousin Albert, who becomes Prince Consort. 1861 - Albert dies; Victoria retires into mourning. 1876 - Victoria named Empress of India. 1898-99 - Spanish-American War. 1899-1902 - Boer war. 1901 - Victoria dies; Edward Prince of Wales succeeds.

Queen Victoria (1819-1901) was the first English monarch to see her name given to the period of her reign whilst still living. Politics were important to the Victorians; they believed in the perfection of their evolved representative government, and in exporting it throughout the British Empire. This age saw the birth and spread of political movements, most notably socialism, liberalism and organised feminism. British Victorians were excited by geographical exploration, by the opening up of Africa and Asia to the West, yet were troubled by the intractable Irish situation and humiliated by the failures of the Boer War. At sea, British supremacy remained largely unchallenged throughout the century.

[]

Religious Characteristics 1823 - Augustus Comte, Systéme de politique positive. 1828 - Catholic Emancipation Act restores civil liberties to Roman Catholics. 1845 - Conversion of John Henry Newman to Roman Catholicism. 1850 - Pope Pius IX restores the Roman Catholic hierarchy in U. K. 1859 - Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species. 1869-70 - Vatican Council declares the Pope infallible in [|matters of faith.] 1871 - Darwin, The Descent of Man.

During the Victorian heyday, work and play expanded dramatically. The national railway network stimulated travel and leisure opportunities for all, so that by the 1870s, visits to seaside resorts, race meetings and football matches could be enjoyed by many of this now largely urban society. Increasing literacy stimulated growth in popular journalism and the ascendancy of the novel as the most powerful popular icon. []

[|Social History]

The Victorian Age was characterised by rapid change and developments in nearly every sphere - from advances in medical, scientific and technological knowledge to changes in population growth and location. Over time, this rapid transformation deeply affected the country's mood: an age that began with a confidence and optimism leading to economic boom and prosperity eventually gave way to uncertainty and doubt regarding Britain's place in the world.

For the most part, nineteenth century families were large and patriarchal. They encouraged hard work, respectability, social deference and religious conformity. While this view of nineteenth century life was valid, it was frequently challenged by contemporaries. Women were often portrayed as either Madonnas or whores, yet increasing educational and employment opportunities gave many a role outside the family



[]

Questions

Scavenger Hunt Questions: ** Victorian Literature ** Victorian literature utilized the influence by sensitivity of the preceding era to create idealized portraits of difficult lives, such as work, perseverance, love and luck, and virtue versus wrongdoing. Authors of this time period created themes and morals that hit close to the heart, and throughout the era, became a piece of the English Romantic Movement. Victorian literature also focused heavily on society, and went through different phases and feelings within the literature, which are listed here: Epic poetry - product of oral translation - main characters are larger-than-life demigods/heroes -  ex: //The Iliad// by Homer [] Allegory - entire work is an extended metaphor - ex: //Faerie Queen// by Spenser [] The Grotesque - irregular, extravagant, fantastic elements - mixture of opposite forces or things - ex: //Alice////’s Adventures in Wonderland// by Lewis Carroll [] Melodrama - places dramatic emphasis on the situation at the expense of motivation and characterization - utilizes stereotypes (hero, villain, comic man, good old man…) - sometimes used as parody to human action - ex: //Oliver Twist// by Charles Dickens [] Realism - emphasizes accurate description of setting, dress, and characters, as well as the importance of the ordinary person Satire - criticizes human institutions or humanity itself by using humor and wit - ex: //Vanity Fair// by William Makepeace Thackeray [] Sublimity - aesthetic of power - discusses moral psychology and theological controversy - Romantic movement in England- connects the reader to emotion - ex: // Lyrical Ballads // by William Wordsworth [] Sources []
 * 1) This removed the political disabilities imposed on non-Anglican Protestants by legislation passed in 1673 and 1661 respectively. Following the repeal of these Acts, Dissenters could sit in parliament and participate in local government. The Act changed the Anglican constitution into a Protestant constitution. (Legislation)
 * 2) Victoria, the daughter of the duke of Kent and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg, was born in.
 * 3) The Catholic _ _ restores civil liberties to Roman Catholics. (Legislation)
 * 4) During the Victorian heyday, work and play expanded dramatically. The _ _ _ stimulated travel and leisure opportunities for all, so that by the 1870s, visits to seaside resorts, race meetings and football matches could be enjoyed by many of this now largely urban society.
 * 5) The public's faith in institutions was evident not only in the growth of hospitals but was also seen in the erection of specialized _ __and__ __ for the most vulnerable members of society.

[] [] [] Questions: Answers: The Victorian Web Unifying principles through examples of visual art and music: Artists chose to paint fairy pictures for a variety of reasons. Some artists, like [|Daniel Maclise], Richard Dadd , and [|Joseph Noel Paton] , chose fairy painting as one way to establish their professional careers and to solicit critical and public recognition. For Dadd and Paton fairy subjects remained a lifelong passion. Other artists, such as John Anster Fitzgerald, John Simmons , Robert Huskisson, and John Atkinson Grimshaw , developed a popular following for their small fantasy works, which mixed fairy scenes with eroticism and dream imagery. Even such established artists as [|William Etty], [|J. M. W. Turner] , and [|Edwin Landseer] took advantage of the genre's popularity in the 1840s and painted their own versions of fairyland. Victorian painter’s portraiture was little more than a side-line, and most of them practiced it. In the early years, these painters included Wilkie, [|Etty] and [|Landseer]. [|Frith], William Quiller Orchardson (1832-1910), James Sant (1820-1916), [|John Collier] (1850-1934), [|James (Joseph-Jaques) Tissot] (1836-1902), [|Hubert Herkomer] (1849-1914), Frank Holl (1845-1888), and [|Luke Fildes] (1844-1927) were all subject painters who achieved, to a greater or lesser degree, distinction as portraitists Philip Charles Hardwick (1822-1892) - designed a number of large schools which included, [|Charterhouse], Goldalming in Surrey, and the finest school built in the county of Kent , St Edmunds in Canterbury
 * 1) Which poet ushered in the Romantic Movement in England?
 * 2) What type of poetry in Victorian Literature was original meant to be sung?
 * 3) What phase of poetry in the Victorian Era is often used in fairy tales?
 * 4) Which poet was the most notorious homosexual of the Victorian Era and was famous for his writing?
 * 5) Which book in the Victorian Era was a satirical novel of manners?
 * 1) William Wordsworth
 * 2) Epic Poetry
 * 3) The Grotesque
 * 4) Oscar Wilde
 * 5) // Vanity Fair //
 * Visual Arts-**
 * Architecture-**

Building Types
 [|Churches with Victorian Interest]  [|Housing for Rich and Poor]  [|Museums]  [|Post Offices]  [|Pubs]  [|Retail Shops, Markets, and Arcades]  [|Railway Stations]  [|Theaters]  [|Workhouses]  [|Fountains]

Architects and Architect-Designers
 [|Mackay Hugh Baillie Scott]  [|William J. Barre]  [|Sir John Wolfe Barry]  [|Sir Charles Barry]  [|E.M. Barry]  [|George Basevi]  [|Samuel Beazley]  [|Sir Arthur Blomfield]  [|Edward Blore]  [|William Burges]  [|Decimus Burton]  [|William Butterfield]  [|Charles Buxton]  [|Thomas Edward Collcutt]  [|John Corry]  [|William Henry Crossland]  [|Lewis Cubitt]  [|Thomas Cubitt]  [|Henry Astley Darbishire]  [|John Dobson]  [|C. Fitzroy Doll]  [|Herbert Gribble]  [|Benjamin Ferrey] Concert programs in the Victorian era tended to balance vocal and instrumental pieces. During the period of Elgar's musical apprenticeship, it was the convention to alternate between the two kinds of music and to avoid performing several examples of the same genre in a row. The boundary between what one might call popular and serious music remained fruitfully vague in the British song literature. Charles Edward Horn, variously a singer, bass player, and composer, originally made a big hit with the song (sometimes called a cavatina) // Cherry Ripe // in the comic opera Paul Pry (1826), a pasticcio of pieces by various composers. was an influence on the now better-known Roger Quilter, the [|Eton] -educated composer whose contribution to English song of the lighter kind in the twentieth century gave an air of respectability to the Edwardian ballad, as can be heard in the three songs O Mistress Mine, Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal, and Love's Philosophy.
 * Music- **

Composers
British Victorian Era Randa Zoubairi
 * [|Sir Edward Elgar]
 * Edward German
 * [|Percy Grainger]
 * [|Hubert Parry]
 * [|Roger Quilter]
 * [|Dame Ethel Smyth]
 * [|Arthur Somervell]
 * [|Charles Villiers Stanford]
 * [|Richard Strauss]
 * [|Sir Arthur Sullivan]
 * [|Maude Valerie White]
 * 1) The dilemma of style that plagued Victorian architects in their attempt to create a truly contemporary style from older elements, such as revivalism that could be molded to weird and grotesque standards, came through Postmodernism. In 1949 what did harry Goodhardt-Rendel describe the High Victorian or “Modern Gothic” style of buildings as, what type of architecture?
 * 2) Who was a fine watercolorist and book illustrator of the Victorian Era who during the 1850s and 1860s became well-known for her children’s book illustrations, which have considerable charm and are now appreciated by collections. The death of her husband caused her to turn to writing and illustrating gardening books?
 * 3) In 1806, merchant John Scott built this as the // Sans Pareil // to showcase his daughter’s theatrical talents. The theatre was given a new façade and redecorated in 1814. What was the name of this theatre?
 * 4) The term _______, first evident in the middle of the 1600s, was a song for three or four unaccompanied solo voices that demanded considerable skill despite having limited contrapuntal activity. Its central role at the Noblemen and Gentlemen's Catch Club (1761) brought high patronage upon many English composers. _________ also became a major component of English opera, and after 1800 they were often given accompaniment or a choral component. The genre fell into disfavor as Romantic ideas made serious music and sociability incompatible, but __________ were performed widely in many kinds of concerts for the rest of century.
 * 5) The popular story made for excellent subject matter in artwork of Gustave Moreau and Aubrey Beardsley, and revisions of this story appear in literature. Oscar Wilde wrote his one-act play, originally written in French, to shock audiences with its spectacle of perverse passions. What was the name of this play?